DISPLAYS

DISPLAYS

December 01, 2021

LCD pixels now based on LED. Plasma is defunct,

projectors, O.L.E.D: organic light-emitting diode, DLP, etc.

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RGB light "PIXELS" aka PICTURE ELEMENT (RED GREEN BLUE)

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OLD monitors used *Cold cathode ray fluorescent lamp

"CCFL" to blast light through pixels (via backlight)

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now, Modern monitor backlights come from diodes behind crystals

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TN = twisted nematic panel (inexpensive & fast)

IPS = In-plane switching (better)

V.A. = Vertical alignment panels (best quality)

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RESOLUTION TYPES:

720, 1080p, 2K, 4K, 8K

**true IMAX is 16k**

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BRIGHTNESS

(nt) "NIT" 200-500 NIT panels are GOOD

You need a monitor with good RESPONSE TIME (refresh rate)

MONITORS nowadays have 1ms-4ms response time

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ORGANIC-LED aka "O.L.E.D." very fancy thin monitors

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DLP digital light processing

(90% of the time these only on movie projectors)

Work via zillions of tiny mirrors rather than pixels

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LCD

If you crack open an older LCD monitor, remove pixel panel,

you find white sheet inside surrounded by fluorescent CCFL TUBES

instead of bulbs- this reflected off the white panel

You needed power "Inverters" for CCFL based monitors

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CONNECTORS

INPUT FROM DATA

& POWER CONNECTION

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GPU graphics processing aka VIDEO CARD

Frame buffering was the old way. NOW video cards are way faster

due to HUGE built-in RAM memory

(3 warring video card companies- Nvidia vs. ATI/AMD vs. Intel)

Most CPUs have built in GPU. (AMD sells this & calls them "A.P.U.")

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We need the best monitor/display connectors:

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Super Display Port (looks like gigantic USB with hundreds of pins)

MiniDisplayPort

HDMI (brain child of DRM "digital rights management")

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MiniHDMI

DVI-d = digital only

DVI-i = digital video interface. With CROSS symbol

(Digital+Analog)?? An adaptor could work with VGA

**DVI was either Single-link or Dual-link**

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VGA = vid graphics array (analogue signal)

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INSTALL GRAPHICS CARD (read manual)

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PCI connectors = slots for graphics cards (not same as RAM slot)

PCIE power slot usually on back of graphics card

TURN ON CMOS/SYSTEM SETUP to see if graphics card registers

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WHY DO PEOPLE BUY MORE THAN ONE GRAPHICS CARD??

For multiple monitors,

they're gamers,

or

they're mining bitcoin/crypto-currencies

"RISER CARD" helps you stack more GRAPHICS CARDs

(makes an extra slot for any card

Next to original PCIE expansion slot)

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Always check the new graphics card in DEVICE MANAGER to make sure no errors

**graphics card must match your display's Native fixed resolution**

Check for updates online for your new card's "driver"

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PROJECTORS

DLP or LCD or LED

"Lumens" measure brightness in projectors

LED bulbs rarely go out *but LCD and DLP bulbs have to be replaced

"Throw" = distance from projector to screen. Adjustability settings & lenses.

Geometric adjustments must be made setting up a new projector

"BARRELLING", "PIN CUSHIONING",

KEYSTONE \/ or inverted KEYSTONE /\

"Skew" = looks like warped KEYSTONE

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TROUBLESHOOTING MONITORS, DISPLAYS, & PROJECTORS

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Overheating shutdown??

vidCard gets too hot due to Bad built in fan

needs better cooling **air it out**

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DEAD PIXELS - happens on LCD monitors

Manufacturer needs to replace dead B&W pixels in middle of screen.

You can't fix them

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ARTIFACTS?? Like ghosting trails

Check the videoCards RAM. Probably went bad.

Try with another GRAPHICS/VID card to see if problem persists

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INCORRECT COLOR PATTERNS?? tint is off

Reset all vid cables. Check the videoCards RAM. Probably went bad.

Try with another GRAPHICS/VID card to see if problem persists

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DIM IMAGE?? Old LCDs sometimes start to fade out

check brightness setting. you might just need to buy a new one

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FLICKERING IMAGE??

Probably cables. HDMIs tear easy & flicker lots

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DISTORTED IMAGE??

Make sure you're on the monitors Native resolution. & Adjust geometry

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BURN IN??

Old plasma TVs got image stuck on tv. Literally burned in. Was hard to fix.

LCD monitor w/"burn in" is now called "image persistence".

Start a new video or game to see if it is still there.

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OVERSIZED or UNDERSIZED IMAGES & ICONS??

Just adjust in monitor settings or reset monitor settings

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